Analyzing Arguments Questions and Answers

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Q11
Statement: "Companies that invest in R&D innovate more." Which supports this argument?
  • A Tech companies with high R&D budgets file the most patents
  • B Some companies innovate without formal R departments
  • C R&D costs have increased over the past decade
  • D Not all R&D projects lead to successful products
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Supporting evidence would show correlation between R&D spending and innovation output.
Q12
Argument: "Students who attend coaching classes score higher, so coaching is beneficial." What alternative explanation is possible?
  • A Motivated students are more likely to attend coaching and also study harder
  • B Coaching classes provide structured learning materials
  • C Good teachers work in coaching centers
  • D Coaching focuses on exam patterns
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Correlation doesn't imply causation; other factors could explain the higher scores.
Q13
Statement: "If the product is defective, customers will return it." Customers are returning the product. What follows?
  • A The product must be defective
  • B The product might be defective
  • C Customers are unsatisfied for some reason
  • D The return policy is too lenient
Answer: Option B
Explanation: This tests understanding of logical converse error.
Q14
Argument: "Our sales decreased after competitors lowered prices, so we should also lower prices." What weakens this?
  • A Customers value our product quality over price
  • B Competitors have higher production costs
  • C The overall market shrank during this period
  • D Our marketing budget was reduced recently
Answer: Option A
Explanation: The argument assumes price is the only factor affecting sales.
Q15
Statement: "All team leaders must have at least 5 years experience." Rahul has 6 years experience. What can be concluded?
  • A Rahul must be a team leader
  • B Rahul could be a team leader
  • C Rahul cannot be a team leader
  • D Rahul will become a team leader soon
Answer: Option B
Explanation: This tests understanding of necessary vs sufficient conditions.
Q16
Argument: "Employees who work longer hours are more productive, so we should encourage overtime." What is the flaw?
  • A Productive employees might choose to work longer, not vice versa
  • B Overtime requires additional pay
  • C Some tasks don't require long hours
  • D Work-life balance is important
Answer: Option A
Explanation: The argument confuses correlation with causation and ignores diminishing returns.
Q17
Statement: "If the project is behind schedule, we need more staff." We added more staff but are still behind schedule. What explains this?
  • A The new staff need training time
  • B Scope creep increased project requirements
  • C The original timeline was unrealistic
  • D All of the above
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Additional factors beyond staffing might affect project timelines.
Q18
Argument: "Cities with more parks have healthier residents, so we should build more parks." What assumption is made?
  • A Parks directly cause health improvements
  • B Healthier people choose to live near parks
  • C We have space for new parks
  • D Parks are expensive to maintain
Answer: Option A
Explanation: The argument assumes parks cause health improvements rather than just correlating.
Q19
Statement: "All senior executives attended the meeting. Some department heads are senior executives." What follows?
  • A All department heads attended the meeting
  • B Some department heads attended the meeting
  • C No department heads attended the meeting
  • D Some senior executives are not department heads
Answer: Option B
Explanation: This tests syllogistic reasoning with categorical statements.
Q20
Argument: "Companies with strong cultures perform better, so we should focus on culture building." What would strengthen this?
  • A Studies show culture initiatives directly improve employee engagement and output
  • B Some successful companies have weak cultures
  • C Culture building is time-consuming
  • D Financial metrics matter more than culture
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Evidence showing culture directly impacts performance would strengthen the argument.

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