Biotechnology Questions and Answers

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Q11
Which technique is used to transfer genes into plants?
  • A a) Electrophoresis
  • B b) Agrobacterium-mediated transfer
  • C c) PCR
  • D d) Hybridization
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Agrobacterium-mediated transfer uses the natural ability of Agrobacterium to transfer DNA into plant cells.
Q12
The term “Biotechnology” was first used by:
  • A a) Karl Ereky
  • B b) Watson and Crick
  • C c) Gregor Mendel
  • D d) Edward Jenner
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Karl Ereky coined the term biotechnology in 1919.
Q13
Golden Rice is rich in:
  • A a) Iron
  • B b) Vitamin C
  • C c) Vitamin A
  • D d) Calcium
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Golden Rice is genetically modified to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.
Q14
Bt Cotton provides resistance against:
  • A a) Virus
  • B b) Bacteria
  • C c) Fungi
  • D d) Insects
Answer: Option D
Explanation: Bt Cotton produces a toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis that is effective against certain insects.
Q15
Gene therapy aims to:
  • A a) Cure genetic disorders
  • B b) Increase immunity
  • C c) Produce vaccines
  • D d) Improve digestion
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Gene therapy involves introducing correct copies of genes to treat genetic disorders.
Q16
The enzyme reverse transcriptase is used to:
  • A a) Replicate DNA
  • B b) Convert RNA to DNA
  • C c) Cut DNA
  • D d) Join DNA fragments
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Reverse transcriptase synthesizes DNA from an RNA template.
Q17
Insulin used by diabetic patients is produced by:
  • A a) Humans
  • B b) Cows
  • C c) Bacteria
  • D d) Sheep
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Recombinant bacteria are used to produce human insulin.
Q18
The father of genetic engineering is:
  • A a) Gregor Mendel
  • B b) Paul Berg
  • C c) James Watson
  • D d) Francis Crick
Answer: Option B
Explanation: Paul Berg pioneered the development of recombinant DNA technology.
Q19
The process of introducing foreign DNA into a cell is called:
  • A a) Transformation
  • B b) Mutation
  • C c) Translation
  • D d) Transcription
Answer: Option A
Explanation: Transformation is the process by which foreign DNA is taken up by a cell.
Q20
Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?
  • A a) Fleming
  • B b) Darwin
  • C c) Watson and Crick
  • D d) Jenner
Answer: Option C
Explanation: Watson and Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA.

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